The Challenges of Islamic Organizations in Promoting Moderation in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v6i1.12948Keywords:
Islamic Moderation, Conservatism, Social Recognition, Muhammadiyah, NU, ChallengesAbstract
Islamic moderation has become a strategic agenda in Indonesia, yet the threats that can slow its implementation are often left implicit. Two leading Islamic organisations, Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), place moderation at the core of their missionary vision to foster a tolerant, open, and civilised society. This paper examines the challenges of realising Islamic moderation in Indonesia, focusing on initiatives associated with Muhammadiyah and NU. Using a qualitative design, the study combines in-depth interviews with organisational figures from both Muhammadiyah and NU with document-based analysis of organisational narratives and relevant written sources. The interview and documentary materials are analysed interpretively to identify recurring patterns in how moderation is articulated and contested. The findings indicate that a major obstacle is the growing prominence of conservative groups, which increasingly gain wide space. This conservative turn is accompanied by weakening respect for other groups and a tendency to resist Islamic groups outside one’s own circle. By making explicit how the rise of conservative groups constrains moderation work within mainstream Islamic organisations and shapes social recognition dynamics, this study contributes an evidence-based explanation of why moderation efforts can stall even when moderation is embedded in organisational missions.
References
Akhmadi, A. (2019). Moderasi Beragama Dalam Keragaman Indonesia Religious Moderation in Indonesia ’ S Diversity. Jurnal Diklat Keagamaan, 13(2), 45–55.
Al-Rasyid, H. H. (2014). Dakwah Islam di Era Globalisasi: Revitalisasi Prinsip Moderasi Islam. Al-Qalam, 20(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31969/alq.v20i3.337
Almu’tasim, A. (2019). Berkaca NU dan Muhammadiyah dalam Mewujudkan Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Islam di Indonesia. Tarbiya Islamia: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Keislaman, 8(2), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.36815/tarbiya.v8i2.474
Amin, R. (2014). Prinsip Dan Fenomena Moderasi Islam Dalam Tradisihukum Islam. Al-Qalam, 20(3), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.31969/alq.v20i3.339
Anshori, M. A., Prasojo, Z. H., & Muhtifah, L. (2021). Contribution of Sufism to the Development of Moderate Islam in Nusantara. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 19(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.19.2021.194
Arif, M. K. (2020). Moderasi Islam (Wasathiyah Islam) Perspektif Al-Qur’an, As-Sunnah Serta Pandangan Para Ulama dan Fuqaha. Al-Risalah, 11(1), 22–43. https://doi.org/10.34005/alrisalah.v11i1.592
Asmar, A. (2018). Genealogi dan Strategi Dakwah Kultural NU. Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 13(1), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2018.13.1.164-183
Asroor, Z. (2019). Islam Transnasional vs Islam Moderat: Upaya NU dan MD dalam Menyuarakan Islam Moderat di Panggung Dunia. AT-TURAS: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 6(2), 31–73. https://doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v6i2.807
Brocker, M., & Künkler, M. (2013). Religious parties: Revisiting the inclusion-moderation hypothesis1 - Introduction. Party Politics, 19(2), 171–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068812473673
Burhani, A. N. (2016). Aksi Bela Islam: Konservatisme dan Fragmentasi Otoritas Keagamaan. Jurnal Maarif Institute, 11(2), 15–29.
Corbett, R. R. (2016). Making Moderate Islam: Sufism, Service, and the “Ground Zero Mosque†Controversy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Darajat, Z. (2017). Muhammadiyah dan NU: Penjaga Moderatisme Islam di Indonesia. Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, 1(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.21009/hayula.001.1.05
Deny Irawan, M. (2018). Islam Waşatiyyah: Refleksi antara Islam Modern dan Upaya Moderasi Islam. TAJDID: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin, 16(2), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.30631/tjd.v16i2.57
Diyani, T. (2019). Implementasi Paradigma Islam Wasathiyah; Strategi Menjaga Masa Depan Keindonesiaan. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I, 6(3), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v6i3.13193
Faiqah, N., & Pransiska, T. (2018). Radikalisme Islam Vs Moderasi Islam: Upaya Membangun Wajah Islam Indonesia Yang Damai. Al-Fikra: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman, 17(1), 33–60.
Fealy, G. (1997). Tradisionalisme Radikal: Persinggungan Nahdlatul Ulama-Negara. Yogyakarta: LKiS.
Fitri, A. Z. (2015). Pendidikan Islam Wasathiyah: Melawan Arus Pemikiran Takfiri Di Nusantara. Kuriositas: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 8(1), 45–54.
Harto, K., & Tastin, T. (2019). Pengembangan Pembelajaran Pai Berwawasan Islam Wasatiyah: Upaya Membangun Sikap Moderasi Beragama Peserta Didik. At-Ta’lim : Media Informasi Pendidikan Islam, 18(1), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.29300/attalim.v18i1.1280
Hasan, M. (2017). Moderasi Islam Nusantara: Studi Konsep dan Metodologi. Pamekasan: Duta Media Publishing.
Ibrahim, H. (2018). The Principle of Wasaá¹iyyah (Moderation) and the Social Concept of Islam: Countering Extremism in Religion. AL-ITQAN: JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC SCIENCES AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES, 2(1), 39–48.
Jubba, H., & Hidayati, M. (2018). Religious Violence in the Indonesian Democratic Era. Al-Albab, 7(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v7i1.935
Jubba, H., Pabbajah, M., H Prasodjo, Z., & Qodir, Z. (2019). The Future Relations between the Majority and Minority Religious Groups, Viewed from Indonesian Contemporary Perspective: A Case Study of the Coexistence of Muslims and the Towani Tolotang in Amparita, South Sulawesi. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 16(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.16.2019.002
Juliandi, B., Ibrahim, B., & Herlambang, S. (2018). Politik dan Konservatisme Islam: Indonesia dan Tunisia. Proceedings of Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars, 913–921.
Kamali, M. H. (2015). The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam: The Qur’ānic Principle of Wasaṭiyyah. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kurniawan, F. (2019). Pengembangan Teori Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Muhammad Jawwad Ridla (Religius Konservatif, Religius Rasional, Pragmatis Instrumental). At-Ta’lim : Media Informasi Pendidikan Islam, 18(1), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.29300/attalim.v18i1.1823
Lanti, I. G., Akim, & Dermawan, W. (2020). Examining the growth of Islamic conservatism in Indonesia. In Rising Islamic Conservatism inIndonesia (pp. 54–79). Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |Identifiers: LCCN 2020021900 (print) | LCCN 2020021901 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367819415 (hardback) | ISBN 9781003010920 (ebook): Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003010920-4
Maghfuri, A. (2019). Peran Lembaga Pendidikan Dalam Pengarusutamaan Islam Moderat Sebagai Upaya Melawan Paham Konservatif-Radikal. TADRIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 14(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.19105/tjpi.v14i2.2713
Manan, M. A. (2017). Pemikiran Pembaruan Dalam Islam: Pertarungan Antara Mazhab Konservatif Dan Aliran Reformis. Masyarakat Indonesia, 37(2), 237–258.
Mubarok, A. A., & Rustam, D. G. (2018). Islam Nusantara: Moderasi Islam di Indonesia. Jurnal of Islamic and Humanities, 3(2), 153–168.
Mudzakkir, A. (2017). Konservatisme Islam dan Intoleransi Keagamaan di Tasikmalaya. Harmoni, 16(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v16i1.56
Mulkhan, A. M. (2010). Kiai Ahmad Dahlan: Jejak Pembaruan Sosial dan Kemanusiaan. Jakarta: Kompas Media Nusantara.
Mustofa, S. (2015). Meneguhkan Islam Nusantara untuk Islam Berkemajuan: Melacak Akar Epistemologis dan Historis Islam (di) Nusantara. Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, 10(2), 405–434. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2015.10.2.405-434
Nashir, H. (2019). Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar: Moderasi Indonesia Dan Keindonesiaan Perspektif Sosiologi. Yogyakarta.
Niam, Z. W. (2019). Konsep Islam Wasathiyah Sebagai Wujud Islam Rahmatan lil ‘alamin: Peran Nu dan Muhammadiyah dalam Mewujudkan Islam Damai di Indonesia. Palita: Journal of Social Religion Research, 4(2), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.24256/pal.v4i2.764
Purwanto, Y., Qowaid, Q., Ma’rifataini, L., & Fauzi, R. (2019). Internalisasi Nilai Moderasi Melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Umum. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Dan Keagamaan, 17(2), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v17i2.605
Rohmatika, R. V., & Hakiki, K. M. (2018). Fanatisme Beragama Yes, Ekstrimisme Beragama No; Upaya Meneguhkan Harmoni Beragama Dalam Perspektif Kristen. Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama, 13(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsla.v13i1.2940
Rottiers, S. (2010). The sociology of social recognition: competition in social recognition games. Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, 10(4), 267–272.
Runesi, S. T. (2015). Pengakuan sebagai Gramatika Intersubjektif Menurut Axel Honneth. MELINTAS, 30(3), 323. https://doi.org/10.26593/mel.v30i3.1449.323-345
Sabandiah, R. N., & Wijaya, E. (2018). Diskriminasi terhadap Agama Tradisional Masyarakat Hukum Adat Cigugur. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 18(3), 335. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2018.V18.335-352
Sajari, D. (2015). Fatwa MUI Tentang Aliran Sesat di Indonesia (1976-2010). MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 39(1), 44–62. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v39i1.38
Subkhan, A. (2019). Semangat Moderasi dalam “Watsiiqoh Al-Ikhwah Al-Insaniyah Min Ajli As-Salaam Al-‘Alamy Wa Al-‘Aisy Al-Mustarokâ€. Jurnal Edutrained : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan, 3(2), 135–151. https://doi.org/10.37730/edutrained.v3i2.7
Sudarto, S. (2019). Rekognisi Agama Lokal Prasyarat Menuju Demokrasi Majemuk. FUADUNA : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 3(2), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.30983/fuaduna.v3i2.2547
Sunarto, A. (2013). Paradigma Nahdlatul Ulama Terhadap Modernisasi. The Sociology of Islam, 3(2), 51–74.
Syifa, M. M. (2019). Formulasi Konsep Moderasi Islam M Mucharom Syifa. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Raushan Fikr, 8(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.24090/jimrf.v8i1.2716
Tajrid, A. (2012). Kebenaran Hegemonik Agama. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 20(1), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.20.1.190
Taylor, C. (1994). The Politics of Recognition. In A. Gutmann (Ed.), Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
van Bruinessen, M. (Ed.). (2013). Contemporary Development in Indonesian Islam, Explaining the “Conservative Turnâ€. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Wahid, D. (2014). Kembalinya Konservatisme Islam Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 21(2), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1043
Wahid, M. (2018). Resolusi Konflik dan Islam Nusantara: Memromosikan Dialog antar Budaya dan Rekognisi Sosial. Refleksi, 15(2), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v15i2.10164
Widodo, A. (2019). Moderation of Islamic Education as an Effort to Prevent Radicalism (Case Study of {FKUB} Singkawang City, Kalimantan, Indonesia). Nadwa, 13(2), 271–294. https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2019.13.2.5086
Yahya, S. (2020). Slogan “Torang Samua Ciptaan Tuhan†dalam Konteks Moderasi Beragama di Kota Manado. Dialog, 43(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v43i1.361
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Hasse Jubba, Jaffary Awang, Siti Aisyah Sungkilang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
